MALÁRIA GRAVE A PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM – A EXPERIÊNCIA DE UMA UNIDADE DE CUIDADOS INTENSIVOS | SEVERE IMPORTED PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MALARIA – EXPERIENCE OF AN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
Resumo
PT | RESUMO
Introdução: A malária é uma doença potencialmente fatal na ausência de tratamento dirigido e atempado. A sua forma
grave é causada quase exclusivamente por Plasmodium falciparum.
Material e Métodos: Estudo retrospetivo dos doentes com malária grave a Plasmodium falciparum admitidos no serviço
de medicina intensiva (SMI) do Hospital de Cascais de Fevereiro/09 a Junho/17, com revisão do perfil clínico, terapêutica e
outcome dos doentes, tendo em conta a gravidade da doença e o grau de parasitémia.
Resultados: Treze doentes foram internados no SMI: 8 em cuidados intensivos e 5 em cuidados intermédios. Nenhum
cumpriu quimioprofilaxia. Todos os doentes cursaram com trombocitopenia grave; 8 necessitaram de ventilação mecânica
invasiva (VMI), dos quais 6 por acute respiratory distress syndrome; 4 doentes necessitaram de suporte aminérgico e 2 necessitaram
de técnica dialítica. Os doentes com parasitémia ≥5% foram mais frequentemente ventilados com VMI (80 vs. 50%) e mais
precocemente (2,5 vs. 4,0 dias); tiveram maior disfunção de órgão (4 vs. 2 órgãos afectados) e apresentaram internamentos
mais prolongados (11 vs. 6 dias). Verificou-se ainda um aumento da prevalência de infecções com o tempo de internamento
(p=0,005, se tempo de internamento ≥8 dias). A taxa de mortalidade foi de 15% - 2 doentes, ambos em regime de cuidados
intensivos, com uma mediana de idade 11 anos superior aos restantes.
Conclusão: Como reportado em estudos anteriores, o grau de parasitémia parece estar relacionado com a gravidade da
doença. Paralelamente, a idade dos doentes e as intercorrências infecciosas também parecem determinantes do prognóstico
da doença.
Palavras-chave: Malária falciparum; Unidade de cuidados intensivos; Síndrome do desconforto respiratório
EN | ABSTRACT
Background: Malaria is a potentially fatal disease in the absence of targeted and timely treatment. Its severe form is caused almost
exclusively by Plasmodium falciparum.
Methods: Retrospective study of patients with severe malaria admitted to the intensive care department (ICD) between February/09 and
June/17. This study aims to review the clinical profile, therapies and outcome of patients, considering the severity of disease and the level of
parasitaemia.
Results: Thirteen patients were admitted to the ICD: 8 in intensive care unit and 5 in intermediate care unit. None of the patients have
done chemoprophylaxis. All patients had severe thrombocytopenia; 8 patients required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), 6 of them due
to acute respiratory distress syndrome; 4 patients required aminergic support and two patients required dialytic technique. Patients with para-
sitaemia ≥5% required more ventilation with IMV (80 vs. 50%) and were ventilated earlier (2.5 vs. 4.0 days); had more organ dysfunction
(4 vs. 2 organs affected) and had longer hospitalizations (11 vs. 6.88 days). The prevalence of nosocomial infections is correlated with the
length of stay (p=0,005, if admission period ≥8 days). Mortality rate was 15% - 2 patients, both in intensive care regimen, with a median
age of 11 years older than the others.
Conclusion: As reported in previous studies, the level of parasitaemia appears to be related to the severity of the condition. At the same
time, the age of the patients and infectious intercurrences also seem to contribute to the prognosis of the disease.
Keywords: Malaria falciparum; Intensive care unit; Respiratory distress syndrome
Texto Completo:
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